Judith Russenberger

Counting on … day 100

2nd July 2025

Plastic recycling is now much more common place, with local authorities making collections of certain frequently used items such as plastic bottles, margerine and other food tubs, shampoo bottles etc. Soft plastics can be recycled if they are kept separate from more rigid plastics – and some supermarkets have collection points for these. However there is, apparently, no guarantee that plastics going into a recycling bin will be recycled (sometimes it is cheaper and easier to incinerate the waste which causes air pollution). Nor are there many effective closed loop recycling programmes – each a system where a plastic bottle, for example, is recycled and returns as a ready to use plastic bottle. It is often cheaper to make a plastic bottle from virgin oil based polymers than from recycled plastic.

These problems are a further incentive for us to reduce the plastic we use so rescuing the problem at source. If we don’t buy things that come in plastic bottles, plastic tubs and tubes, in plastic wrappers etc then we reduce the amount of plastic that is in circulation before it becomes a problem.

Counting on … day 101

3rdJuly 2025

Plastic waste pollution doesn’t just come from single use items; it also comes from ‘fast tech’ – cheap plastic-encased electronic items that whilst not single use are quickly discarded. Eg hand held fans, electric toothbrushes, mini torches, fairy lights, head phones and ear buds. (1)

Conventional thinking goes:-

Being cheap we don’t worry of it breaks – we just throw it in the bin (from where it will go to landfill)

Being cheap we buy it as a fun gift whether it’s needed or not.

Being cheap we don’t worry about buying another if we forgot to pack it.

Being cheap, well discard last year’s model because this year’s looks so much nicer.

Being cheap we don’t try and look after it or to mend it if it breaks.

The problem of plastic pollution needs us to ask: Do I need this product? Should I buy the cheapest, or should I look for the durable, repairable option? Will I value this product?

(1) https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/aug/02/throwaway-culture-products-repair-reuse-recycle-obsolete?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other

Counting on … day 97

27th June 2025

Developing countries need not only sustainable, affordable energy, they also need sustainable, affordable and efficient means of transport. As the United Nations reports:-

“Sustainable transport also makes countries more economically resilient. In a world increasingly shaped by volatile energy prices and inflationary pressure, clean transport systems offer greater long-term stability. Electrified public transport, shared mobility services, and efficient logistics across land, water and air are becoming increasingly cost-effective, with costs continuing to fall as technologies advance and markets mature. Moreover, well-planned networks improve access to jobs, healthcare and education, particularly for women, youth, people with disabilities and underserved communities, while also lowering operating costs. Although upfront investments can be high, electrified and efficient transport systems reduce energy use, cut traffic-related expenses, create new jobs and generate public health savings. Therefore, these investments have the potential to pay for themselves in the medium term.” (1)

When globally transport counts for 13.7 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, sustainable is transport is also good for everyone. But switching to – or even making the initial investment in – sustainable transport comes with a financial tag which may be beyond the reach of developing countries – especially those who are already paying high interest rates on existing international loans. Yet in many situations, the markets are designed to favour fossil fuels, with oil and gas companies receiving considerable subsidies that ensure the initial cost of these fuels remains relatively low.

The United Nations research suggests that fossil fuel subsidies, both explicit (direct public spending) and implicit (externalities like the effects of climate change or premature deaths caused by air pollution), reached US$7 trillion in 2022 – this included public money that went directly to fossil fuel producers and the public money spent indirectly covering the health service costs incurred because of air pollution and other public costs arising because of the adverse effects of climate change.

The continued marketing of fossil fuel products – especially to those in developing countries – is push for increased climate disaster.

https://climatepromise.undp.org/news-and-stories/what-sustainable-transport-and-what-role-does-it-play-tackling-climate-change

Counting on … day 100

2nd July 2025

Counting on … day 98

30th June 2025

What is waste?

Waste can be what we throw away – what we no longer want. What goes into a waste paper bin or down the waste pipe. That paper bin might as easily be a recycling bin. The waste water pipe might feed into a grey water system and flush the loo too.

Waste can be what is left over when we have cut out the material for an item of clothing – ditto a piece of timber, a sheet of metal etc. The waste from shirt might become a matching pair of boxers, or a lavender bag. A timber off cut might become a bread board.

Waste can be the outer leaves of a cabbage, the stalk from a Brussels sprout plant, the core from an apple. Such waste can be the basis of a compost heap, or the start of a jar of cider vinegar.

Waste land can be the land we don’t cultivate – it may become a haven for biodiversity.

A waste of time – a sense that we could have made better use of the time; ditto a waste of space. But these are both subjective. Wasting time may actually be restful and restorative.

Feast of St Peter and St Paul

29th June 2025

Reflection with readings below

Peter was a fisherman who gave up his job, not once but twice, in response to God’s call. He gave up security and income and the guarantee of a bed to follow Jesus. He listen to and struggled with what Jesus was teaching, sometimes giving the correct answer to Jesus’s questions and sometimes the wrong. He took risks – like walking on water – and accepted that sometimes he ended up (so as to speak) flat on his face. His risk taking and his passion for Jesus gave the gift of oratory when it came to addressing a potentially hostile crowd. He was willing to have his deepest beliefs challenged by God and understood the need for the church to include not just Jews but Gentiles too – and still he could make mistakes and still he accepted justifiable reproof (from Paul).

Paul began as Saul, an ardent deeply faithful Pharisee skilled both with his hands (a tent maker) and intellectually. He was adept both at learning and in teaching, and deeply committed to his religious cause. After his conversion through a visionary experience, the ardour with which he pursued his

Pharisaic ideals, he transferred and more so to the development of the Christian faith. Initially happy to be apprenticed to more experienced missioners, he quickly became a master missioner establishing church communities and developing the skills of others. And yet he never forgot the place and the people from whence the church had first grown, bringing back financial aid and gathering for worship with the community in Jerusalem. Paul’s vision for the church went beyond even what Peter imagined, setting aside many of the traditions which had seemed such important parts of Judaism, to allow the church to grow in new – God inspired – directions.

Both Peter and Paul were people willing to take radical action, to go against the norm. They were both willing to acknowledge that they made mistakes and to accept forgiveness for their mistakes. They were both willing to grow in knowledge and understanding in response to God’s wisdom.

The combination of all these attributes was probably essential in establishing and developing the early church taking it from being a group of passionate pupils into becoming a resilient, international community. One of the biggest changes to which both Peter and Paul contributed was the expansion of that community to include non Jews – outsiders, foreigners, people of different backgrounds! And to hold women and men, slaves and freeborn as equals – so becoming a truly inclusive church. To achieve this it was important that both Peter and Paul were leaders who were willing to be imaginative and to think outside the box, willing to discuss difficult issues – and to listen and to share their thoughts with others in the community.

In contrast the reading from Acts presents a different sort of leader – Herod. Here is someone who likes to use violence to assert their authority, but who also likes to ‘toady up’ to others if that will gain their support.

Good leaders that are able to listen to their community, that are able to keep their community together (with unity), that are concerned for the needs of their community especially the marginalised, are of great value – both then and now. And equally leaders who use violence and favouritism, leaders who are ‘me’ focused and who disregard the needs of others were – and are – a great danger to everyone.

The passage from the Gospel of St Matthew shows what a very heavy responsibility was being laid upon Peter – and other leaders following after. The church is both to present Jesus Christ, the Son of the living God to the world, and to shape the ways people and communities live such that here on earth we may live in accordance with rules or the reign of heaven.

It seems to me that the church – whether that is the overarching Church or the local church – has a huge responsibility to both witness to the truth of Jesus Christ, and to walk and talk in the way of the kingdom of God. The church – whether Church or church, and actually both – should be calling out the unacceptable bloodshed and oppression being afflicted on the people of Gaza; should be providing financial aid and support to the victims and not facilitating the supply of more armaments; should be praying and using diplomatic skills to ensure peace and justice for all in the region.

The church – both church and Church – should be calling for tax justice and for a fair distribution of wealth and opportunity; should be praying for and offering skills and financial support for those marginalised by poverty, ill health, disability and prejudice, should be offering a clear vision of an alternative economic system.

The church – both church and Church – should be calling for action to protect the earth from climate change and biodiversity loss; should be encouraging each and everyone of us to live more simply, to ensure that our lifestyles choices do not take more than the planet can give, nor more a fair share bearing in mind the needs of all our brother and sisters.

The church – both church and Church – should be encouraging and enabling discussion as to how we can all live and work together for the common good: for the kingdom of God.

As we remember the gifts that Peter and Paul brought the church, let us pray for and encourage good leadership in our communities and churches today.

Acts 1:1-11

About that time King Herod laid violent hands upon some who belonged to the church. He had James, the brother of John, killed with the sword. After he saw that it pleased the Jews, he proceeded to arrest Peter also. (This was during the festival of Unleavened Bread.) When he had seized him, he put him in prison and handed him over to four squads of soldiers to guard him, intending to bring him out to the people after the Passover. While Peter was kept in prison, the church prayed fervently to God for him.

The very night before Herod was going to bring him out, Peter, bound with two chains, was sleeping between two soldiers, while guards in front of the door were keeping watch over the prison. Suddenly an angel of the Lord appeared and a light shone in the cell. He tapped Peter on the side and woke him, saying, ‘Get up quickly.’ And the chains fell off his wrists. The angel said to him, ‘Fasten your belt and put on your sandals.’ He did so. Then he said to him, ‘Wrap your cloak around you and follow me.’ Peter went out and followed him; he did not realise that what was happening with the angel’s help was real; he thought he was seeing a vision. After they had passed the first and the second guard, they came before the iron gate leading into the city. It opened for them of its own accord, and they went outside and walked along a lane, when suddenly the angel left him. Then Peter came to himself and said, ‘Now I am sure that the Lord has sent his angel and rescued me from the hands of Herod and from all that the Jewish people were expecting.’

2 Timothy 12:19-26

But God’s firm foundation stands, bearing this inscription: ‘The Lord knows those who are his’, and, ‘Let everyone who calls on the name of the Lord turn away from wickedness.’

In a large house there are utensils not only of gold and silver but also of wood and clay, some for special use, some for ordinary. All who cleanse themselves of the things I have mentioned[b] will become special utensils, dedicated and useful to the owner of the house, ready for every good work. Shun youthful passions and pursue righteousness, faith, love, and peace, along with those who call on the Lord from a pure heart. Have nothing to do with stupid and senseless controversies; you know that they breed quarrels. And the Lord’s servant must not be quarrelsome but kindly to everyone, an apt teacher, patient, correcting opponents with gentleness. God may perhaps grant that they will repent and come to know the truth, and that they may escape from the snare of the devil, having been held captive by him to do his will.

Matthew 16:13-19

Now when Jesus came into the district of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, ‘Who do people say that the Son of Man is?’ And they said, ‘Some say John the Baptist, but others Elijah, and still others Jeremiah or one of the prophets.’ He said to them, ‘But who do you say that I am?’ Simon Peter answered, ‘You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God.’ And Jesus answered him, ‘Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah! For flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father in heaven. And I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.’

For a better tomorrow

28th June 2025

I will pour out My Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your elders will dream dreams, your youth will see visions. Joel 2:28

You Lord, are the source of all good things:

We praise you.

You call us to tend and care for your creation:

May we strive to do your will.

You have made us as brothers and sisters with all that lives:

May we live together in peace.

Acts 4: 42-47 – See! Together we can create a better world.

They devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching and to the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayer. A sense of awe came over everyone, and the apostles performed many wonders and signs. All the believers were together and had everything in common. Selling their possessions and goods, they shared with anyone who was in need.

With one accord they continued to meet daily in the temple courts and to break bread from house to house, sharing their meals with gladness and sincerity of heart, praising God and enjoying the favour of all the people. And the Lord added to their number daily those who were being saved.

I pray that tomorrow the seas will be full of fish

and whales, seahorses and turtles,

whilst the skies above throng with a whole gamut of sea birds.

I pray that tomorrow the fields will be full of flowers,

and the air buzzing with insects, whilst the hedgerows

thrill with the dancing of butterflies.

I pray that tomorrow’s streets will be full of children at play

and old people chatting, passing the time of day,

whilst cyclists weave carefully through the mix.

I pray that tomorrow houses will twinkle with solar panels,

and hum with heat pumps, whilst insulation

mitigates the ‘way too hot’ and the ‘way too cold’.

I pray that tomorrow, our futures look bright,

and our children secure, whilst we relish

the satisfaction that we can live in harmony with all.

Amen.

Green Tau issue 109

27th June 2025

Tipping Points

Four years ago I wrote about the tipping points likely accelerate the climate crisis. In June 2021 the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere stood at 418.93 parts per million (ppm). As of May 2025 the concentration of carbon dioxide stands at 430.51 ppm (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/mlo.html) As the safe level of carbon dioxide lies somewhere between 280 and 350ppm, we were clearly in a danger zone in 2021, since when things have got worse rather than better.

Here is the 2021 article, below which is a comment from the Ecologist journal as to where we currently stand vis a vis the likelihood of triggering any or all of the global climate tipping points and another article from the Guardian.

In Alan Stoppard’s play Jumpers, George Moore, a philosophy professor, muses that at some point in history, the balance of believers versus non believers tipped from the former being the majority to the latter. He suspected it was the decline in woollen socks in preference for nylon ones that precipitated this tipping point: woollen socks kept the wearer in mind of the link between nature and daily life and thus a link between a divine creator and daily life.

We have seen a number of social issues reach a tipping point: the acceptability or not of smoking, the acceptability or not of drink-driving, the use of plastic bags versus reusable versions, and most recently the wearing of face masks. At some point social pressure, social acceptance and/ or social understanding shifted in favour of a new status quo. Social norms are not fixed and what interests me is what initiates and sustains the sequence of changes that lead us to change our patterns of behaviour and belief.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is increasingly concerned that the current rate of global warming could reach a number of tipping points. One such scenario centres on the Arctic. As temperatures increase so the frozen soil have melted – not just the surface levels which is ‘normal’ but also the deeper levels of the permafrost. As they melt they release methane locked away for thousands of years ago. This flammable gas has led to outbreaks of wild fires across the Arctic destroying large areas of the tundra’s flora and fauna. Methane is one of the greenhouse gases and has a warming effect on the climate 80 times that of carbon dioxide. The melting of the permafrost in the Arctic disproportionately adds to the heating of the global environment and to the consequential further melting of frozen soils as well as sea ice. In other words the rise in temperatures that allows the Artic to thaw triggers a sequence of events that leads to a further upward spiralling of temperatures.

Other tipping points have also been observed: in Greenland where the more the ice-sheet melts the faster is the rate of melting in subsequent years, leading both to rising sea levels and a likely reversal of the Gulf Stream*; in the Amazon the loss of rainforest (due to commercial felling) is expanding the area of land covered by Savannah grass lands causing rising air temperatures and depleting levels of rainfall which both threatened the natural regeneration of the rainforest; in the tropics rising sea temperatures bleach coral reefs as plant and animal life grows more slowly or dies off completely. As these living forms die so they absorb less carbon dioxide which in turn compounds rising air and sea temperatures.

Worryingly the danger presented by such scenarios doesn’t become apparent until the tipping point has been reached! This means preventative action needs to be taken before the affects of the danger are felt. We have in recent months learnt the lesson that the way to limit rocketing covid infections is to follow lockdown procedures before the number of cases becomes unmanageable. Can we do the same to prevent the extreme effects of climate change? Can we as individuals rapidly decarbonise our lifestyles now to safeguard the future for ourselves and our grandchildren? Can we create the social groundswell needed to make a carbon neutral lifestyle the norm? Can we create the popular groundswell to change the direction of our political leaders?

Rather than the Gulf Stream, the tipping point now being highlighted by scientists is the loss of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation or AMOC. It’s loss would lead to a rapidly cooling climate for the British Isles. (for more information see https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/oct/23/we-dont-know-where-the-tipping-point-is-climate-expert-on-potential-collapse-of-atlantic-circulation?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other)

“Multiple climate tipping points are likely to be triggered if global policies stay on their current course, new research shows.

Scientists assessed the risk of tipping in 16 different parts of the Earth system – ranging from the collapse of major ice sheets to the dieback of tropical coral reefs and vast forests.

Their most conservative estimate is a 62 per cent risk of triggering these tipping points on average, based on current policies and the resulting global warming.

However, more sustainable future pathways – with lower greenhouse gas emissions – significantly reduce the risk of tipping points.

The study, by the universities of Exeter and Hamburg, also found that carbon released by certain tipping points – Amazon rainforest dieback and permafrost thaw – is unlikely to cause enough warming to trigger other tipping points.

“The good news from our study is that the power to prevent climate tipping points is still in our hands,” said lead author Jakob Deutloff.

“By moving towards a more sustainable future with lower emissions, the risk of triggering these tipping points is significantly reduced.” https://theecologist.org/2025/may/21/cascading-climate-tipping-points-likely

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2025/jun/28/tipping-points-social-expert-on-fixing-climate-crisis?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other

Counting on … day 96

26th June 2025

Expanding access to clean, affordable and sustainable electricity to everyone is one of the UN’s development goals.

The following comes from a report by the Prometheus Institute

“Delivering universal access to “affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all” by 2030 has become a prominent global target under goal 7 of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Great progress has been made in recent years according to the 2024 State of the Global Mini-Grids Market (SOTM) Report, which found the number of people without electricity fell by 466 million between 2010 and 2021. Mini-grids have been a key driver towards greater energy access, with installations in 2024 set to be over six times higher than in 2018.

“The UN has nonetheless predicted that 660 million people around the world will still lack access to electricity by 2030, with Sub-Saharan Africa particularly in need of accelerated efforts.” (1)

Projects to meet these goals need to be financed.

This month the United Nations Development Programme noted that:-“As the global community prepares to convene in Sevilla for the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development (FFD4) later this month, one question looms large: how can we mobilize the capital needed to deliver sustainable development in a world of constrained public finance?

“Africa offers a critical part of the answer.

“This week, UNDP launched the Fourth Africa Investment Insights Report—a data-rich guide to 250 real, investable opportunities across 20 countries. These projects span sectors such as renewable energy, health care, agriculture and inclusive infrastructure. Each one combines strong commercial potential with measurable development impact.

“This is not charity. It is strategic investment aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).” (2)

Whilst Climate Home News reported:-

“Climate negotiators in Bonn have been tasked with taking a “deep dive” into how a roadmap to boost climate finance for developing countries should look, so that it can be finalised at COP30 in Brazil –

“… At the start of the mid-year talks, UN climate chief Simon Stiell advised governments that the roadmap for mobilising $1.3 trillion a year by 2035 should not be “just a report, but a how-to guide with clear next steps on dramatically scaling up climate finance and investment”.

“That will mean reconciling widely divergent views among countries about what sources of finance the roadmap should draw on – and what form the money should come in…The “Baku to Belém Roadmap to 1.3T” was launched as part of the new climate finance goal (the NCQG) agreed at COP29, with a commitment for donors to raise $300 million annually – largely from the public purse – at its core.

“One main unresolved rift is that developing countries wanted the $1.3 trillion to consist of public money from rich nations – In general, developing countries have requested that the $1.3 trillion should consist of new money that is not re-labelled from other budgets, with public grant money as the bulk of it, excluding loans and other forms of debt.” (3)

Knowing what needs to be done – and knowing how it can be done – is not the same as being willing to pay for what needs to be done.

Counting on … day 95

25th June 2025

Bigger scale, but nevertheless off grid, solar energy systems have been built and are being used in developing countries. The university of Southampton has been involved in pioneering mini grids which provide solar powered electricity and batteries that allow whole communities including schools, clinics and businesses to have 24 access to electricity. Some of the projects double up as units that collect and store rain water during the rainy season to provide the communities with water.

Their website provides details of schemes that have been up and running for more than 10 years

https://energy.soton.ac.uk/mini-grids-and-resilient-networks/