The Green Tau

Green Tau: issue 94

30th August 2024

Domesticated animals – are they all equal?

“Domestication should not be confused with taming. Taming is the conditioned behavioural modification of a wild-born animal when its natural avoidance of humans is reduced and it accepts the presence of humans, but domestication is the permanent genetic modification of a bred lineage that leads to an inherited predisposition toward humans.” (1)

Humans are not the only creatures to domesticate another living being. The leaf cutter ant is one example. It has domesticated specific fungi for food. (2)

But humans have been the most prolific in domesticating a variety of plants, birds and animals. Dogs were the first animals to join up with humans in the journey of domestication. They were followed some 10,000 to 20,000 years later by sheep, goats and cattle.

Cats and dogs, sheep and cattle, guinea pigs and hens, horses and rabbits, are some of the most popular domesticated creatures. There are 1.5 billion cattle, 1 billion pigs, 1 billion sheep and 26 billion hens in the world at any time (as some are of course bred to be killed). (3) Vis a vis pets there are 471 pet dogs and 373 pet cats (ie not wild or stray animals) (4)

Dogs often achieve the status of honorary member of the family. They have specially formulated food – both regular food for day to day nutrition and treats specially designed to mimic human treats such as chocolates, ice cream, beer, mince pies (Christmas time) and Easter eggs. They are given specially designed beds for sleeping and sometimes separate ones for day time use, and special ‘beds’ in cars. For the summer months they may have special mats that include a cooling element. Dogs can expect to have a wide range to toys and balls for their entertainment. They usually wear a collar, which again can be a design item, as well as a separate harness for a lead for walks. Walks may also involve the provision of one or more coats – warm ones, waterproofs etc – and maybe even boots. If they can’t walk far, they may also have a pram or a carrying bag or backpack in which to travel.

Some dogs get to ride in a basket on the front/ back of a bike. They may have special blankets to calm anxious moments such as during thunderstorms. Some dogs may be dressed in more than coats with frocks and shirts, neck scarves and fascinators.

Their owners will expect to take them anywhere they go – cafes and pubs, hotels and churches, on trains and planes, even in cinemas where they are special screenings. So far I don’t think dogs go to gyms or swimming pools – unless they are assistance dogs. Many venues will provide bowls of water and dog friendly snacks.

When they die, they will probably be ritually buried (or cremated) and possibly with a formal service in a pet cemetery too.

Could an animal receive more devoted attention than this? Why do we do this? Is it simply because they are domesticated animals? Or is it because they are animals that have been bred to be friendly and to look cute? This may well be part of the answer. Some scientists suggest that that dogs have shaped their attitudes to make friends with humans because they can see benefits in so doing. (5)

Why do we lavish such care and attention on dogs but not say on cows? Do we care less about cows because we don’t have a personal relationship with them? Is it because – unless we live in the countryside – we hardly ever see them? Is it because we don’t usually think about the animal when we drink milk or eat steak? Or if we do, the image of the animal is influenced by picture book images of dreamy cows, frolicking lambs and hens pecking away in green friends?

Recently there have been various of articles about cattle and the dairy and meat industry which might prompt us to want to take more interest in the welfare of farm animals and the impact they have on the environment.

Ethical Consumer reminds us that cattle raised for dairy or meat will be slaughtered before they achieve their full lifespan. Dairy calves maybe removed from their mothers within days of birth. And dairy cows are often bred to produce milk in quantities that is at the expense of their health. The industrial scale production means that many animals do not have access to fields or grass.(6, 7, 8)

Industrial agriculture can cause huge problems in terms of pollution to air and water from the faeces produced by the animals. (9)

(5) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestication_of_the_dog has a section on socialisation vis a vis the domestication process

(6) https://www.ethicalconsumer.org/food-drink/shopping-guide/ethical-milk-brands

(7) https://www.ethicalconsumer.org/food-drink/dairy-milk-assurance-schemes

(8) https://www.ethicalconsumer.org/food-drink/dairy-animal-rights

(9) https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/10-things-you-should-know-about-industrial-farming

Counting on day … 160

30th August 2024

Practising the same environmentally friendly habits on holiday as we do at home. This can include using active travel over cars for getting around; carrying a keep cup to avoid single use takeaway cups; using a refillable water bottle; showers rather than baths – and if we are somewhere where there are water shortages such as in Sicily, being very careful not to waste water.

This approach might also include not buying things we don’t need. A souvenir that simply gathers dust when we come home is not always the best way of remembering a holiday. There is a saying that we should ‘Take nothing but pictures and leaven nothing but footprints’.

At the same time we may want to support the local economy where we are staying – which could be by using the local cafe or bar.

Counting on day … 159

29th August 2024

After travel and accommodation, food maybe the next consideration. We can, whether eating out or self catering, make our diet more or less environmentally friendly depending on what we choose to eat. Choosing a plant based diet will have a lower environmental impact than one based on dairy and/or meat. “Avoiding meat and dairy products is one of the biggest ways to reduce your environmental impact, according to scientific studies” (1)

(1)https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-46459714

Further reading https://ourworldindata.org/food-choice-vs-eating-local

Counting on day … 158

28th August 2024

After travel, what accommodation? The following maybe of interest if you’re staying in a hotel.

“According to DEFRA, the carbon emissions of staying in a hotel in the UK are 10.4 kg CO2e. (Per room per night). How does this rank amongst the other available data? A figure of 10.4 kg CO2e per room per night ranks the UK a little outside the top five lowest impact hotel stays in 7th place. Overall, it is the 4th lowest footprint within the European countries where data is available. Only Switzerland, France and Spain outrank the UK.

“Figure 4 shows the top five countries as well as the UK in yellow for comparison. Although the UK has one of the lower carbon emissions per room per night, there are still significant opportunities for further reductions by increasing our use of renewable energy. Whilst Costa Rica has the advantage of consistent sunshine for its solar panels and France have a significant amount of nuclear power, they provide an example of where the UK would one day need to be.” (1)

Whilst The Home Camper and Campspace web site suggests 23kg CO2 emissions per night for a B and B, 21kg for a hotel and 0kg for a tent. (2)

I suspect there is more to be a sustainable, low carbon hotel than just the offer of ‘not washing your towels on a daily basis’ which is so often the sole suggestion made by hoteliers. I wish providing a good vegan menu were more often the case.

(2)https://campspace.com/en/p/find-your-sustainable-getaway_791

(1) https://circularecology.com/news/the-carbon-emissions-of-staying-in-a-hotel

Counting on … day 157

27th August 2024

Do our holidays adversely impact on the environment? Googling eco friendly holidays, I am surprised how many website focus on the eco credentials of the destination but not the mode of travel. This is not always the case and some websites do give advice on flight free holidays. Nevertheless the transport element of our holidays usually contributes most to its environmental impact.

“Global tourism accounts for about 8% of total greenhouse gas emissions and transport between origin and destination explains three quarters of this impact” (1) Cutting out flying will benefit the environment most. After that saving has been made, cutting back on the distance travelled will also have an impact. (2)

(1) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517722001431

(2) https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-49349566

Counting on day … 156

26th August 2024

This week is probably the peak of the holiday season. Before reflecting on the potential environmental impact of holidays, it’s good to remember that holidays are ‘holy days’. Like Sundays, holy days are days we are given for rest and for acknowledging that, along with all of creation, we are God’s handiwork.

Holidays should give us time to rest and to be refreshed, time to spend enjoying relationships with family and friends, with God and with creation. Time to be re inspired by all that is holy.

Preparing for a holiday might therefore include: what parts of me needs to rest, what needs refreshment, how can I make this holiday a time of joy.

Proper 16, 13th Sunday after Trinity

25th August 2024

Reflection with readings below

Many fashion chains that originally began by selling women’s clothes, have gone on to sell men’s and children’s wear, and household goods. They aim to sell you a whole Life Style look. You can be a Next household, an M and S household, a Zara household. Next month Oxfam has its Second Hand September promotion, so maybe you could also be a second hand household – now there’s a challenge that could reduce our environmental footprint.

When I was church warden I worked through the Ecclesiastical Insurance health and safety proforma to create a health and safety policy for our church. The policy focused on the simple principle of accessing and then mitigating risks. It is an approach that has become for me second nature: I need a jar a from the top shelf. Can the stool take my weight? Is the floor flat and the stool stable? Is there a support I can hold into? Risks assessed and minimised: jar safely retrieved.

What else can shape our lifestyle choices? Our politics. Our culture. Our religious faith.
So it is in the first of today’s readings we hear Joshua asking the people if they will choose to follow the God of Israel. This has to be a very clear and definite choice. To follow the God of Israel has to be an absolute commitment – a surrendering of all aspects of their lifestyle choices to that one God. There is no option for a ‘yes but also’ approach, no option for a ‘pick and mix’ approach. On the other hand it is a commitment that is undergirded by their experience that God is the God who cares for them, stands by and protects them.

Jesus is laying out the same challenge, the same invitation in his address to the people in the synagogue. But it is an invitation that offers an even deeper connection with God. It is not just to live a life absolutely committed to do things God’s way, but to live a life in which one internalises God, in which you live eat and breathe God through Jesus, the living – the eternal – word of God.

If we live, breathe and ‘eat’ Jesus, then our lives – our lifestyle – will be shaped completely by that relationship. But that is not to say that we won’t be challenged by alternative or competing choices – by rulers, authorities and cosmic forces as the letter to the Ephesians describes them. We might talk about these distractions as the lure of money, of popularity, of fashion, or as feelings of failure, inadequacy or despondency. Prayer, study, worship, learning, community and fellowship, are in opposition to these, all important ways of maintaining a visceral relationship with God through Jesus Christ.

From psalm 86: 11 “Teach me your way, O Lord, and I will walk in your truth; knit my heart to you, that I may fear your name.”

Post script – I write about what I believe to be true but I find it hard to act upon it.

Joshua 24:1-2a,14-18

Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel to Shechem, and summoned the elders, the heads, the judges, and the officers of Israel; and they presented themselves before God. And Joshua said to all the people, “Thus says the Lord, the God of Israel:

“Now therefore revere the Lord, and serve him in sincerity and in faithfulness; put away the gods that your ancestors served beyond the River and in Egypt, and serve the Lord. Now if you are unwilling to serve the Lord, choose this day whom you will serve, whether the gods your ancestors served in the region beyond the River or the gods of the Amorites in whose land you are living; but as for me and my household, we will serve the Lord.”

Then the people answered, “Far be it from us that we should forsake the Lord to serve other gods; for it is the Lord our God who brought us and our ancestors up from the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery, and who did those great signs in our sight. He protected us along all the way that we went, and among all the peoples through whom we passed; and the Lord drove out before us all the peoples, the Amorites who lived in the land. Therefore we also will serve the Lord, for he is our God.”

Psalm 34:15-22

15 The eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous, *
and his ears are open to their cry.

16 The face of the Lord is against those who do evil, *
to root out the remembrance of them from the earth.

17 The righteous cry, and the Lord hears them *
and delivers them from all their troubles.

18 The Lord is near to the brokenhearted *
and will save those whose spirits are crushed.

19 Many are the troubles of the righteous, *
but the Lord will deliver him out of them all.

20 He will keep safe all his bones; *
not one of them shall be broken.

21 Evil shall slay the wicked, *
and those who hate the righteous will be punished.

22 The Lord ransoms the life of his servants, *
and none will be punished who trust in him.

Ephesians 6:10-20

Be strong in the Lord and in the strength of his power. Put on the whole armour of God, so that you may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. For our struggle is not against enemies of blood and flesh, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the cosmic powers of this present darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly places. Therefore take up the whole armour of God, so that you may be able to withstand on that evil day, and having done everything, to stand firm. Stand therefore, and fasten the belt of truth around your waist, and put on the breastplate of righteousness. As shoes for your feet put on whatever will make you ready to proclaim the gospel of peace. With all of these, take the shield of faith, with which you will be able to quench all the flaming arrows of the evil one. Take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God.

Pray in the Spirit at all times in every prayer and supplication. To that end keep alert and always persevere in supplication for all the saints. Pray also for me, so that when I speak, a message may be given to me to make known with boldness the mystery of the gospel, for which I am an ambassador in chains. Pray that I may declare it boldly, as I must speak.

John 6:56-69

Jesus said, “Those who eat my flesh and drink my blood abide in me, and I in them. Just as the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father, so whoever eats me will live because of me. This is the bread that came down from heaven, not like that which your ancestors ate, and they died. But the one who eats this bread will live forever.” He said these things while he was teaching in the synagogue at Capernaum.

When many of his disciples heard it, they said, “This teaching is difficult; who can accept it?” But Jesus, being aware that his disciples were complaining about it, said to them, “Does this offend you? Then what if you were to see the Son of Man ascending to where he was before? It is the spirit that gives life; the flesh is useless. The words that I have spoken to you are spirit and life. But among you there are some who do not believe.” For Jesus knew from the first who were the ones that did not believe, and who was the one that would betray him. And he said, “For this reason I have told you that no one can come to me unless it is granted by the Father.”

Because of this many of his disciples turned back and no longer went about with him. So Jesus asked the twelve, “Do you also wish to go away?” Simon Peter answered him, “Lord, to whom can we go? You have the words of eternal life. We have come to believe and know that you are the Holy One of God.”

Trees as Good Samaritans

24th August 2024

And the Lord God brought forth of the ground all manner of trees, fair to behold, and pleasant to eat. Genesis 2:9

You Lord, are the source of all good things:

We praise you.

You call us to tend and care for your creation:

May we strive to do your will.

You have made us as brothers and sisters with all that lives:

May we live together in peace.

A story based on an idea by Jesus as recorded in Luke’s gospel.

There once was a sojourner who, going about their daily business, was beset by disaster upon disaster: floods and drought, heatwaves and colds snaps, hunger and thirst.

Politicians, as they passed, turned to look the other way. Church leaders buried their noses in their prayer books. The wealthy trusted money as a get-out clause.

Yet in the midst of it all, were the trees. They kept on breathing in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen; they even helped clean the air of pollutants. They collected rain with their leaves to slow its fall, and collected more between their roots, reducing the risk of flooding. Their leaves provided shade and, as they released moisture, so they cooled the air. They caught energy from the sun and turned it into useful materials, food and even medicines. They welcomed other visitors, fauna and flora. They offered green spaces that calmed the anxious and the weary.

Who was the good neighbour to the sojourner?

Holy God,

we have not loved our neighbours as ourselves.

We have ignored the plight of others.

We have not stood in solidarity with those who need help.

Rather we have spurned those who are our neighbours.

We have cut them down in their prime.

We have cut away at their roots

and have poisoned their lifeblood.

Have mercy.

Have mercy,.

Heal us and have mercy.

A reading Leviticus 23:39-41 (The Message)

On the fifteenth day of the seventh month, after you have brought your crops in from your fields, celebrate the Feast of God for seven days. The first day is a complete rest and the eighth day is a complete rest. On the first day, pick the best fruit from the best trees; take fronds of palm trees and branches of leafy trees and from willows by the brook and celebrate in the presence of your God for seven days—yes, for seven full days celebrate it as a festival to God. Every year from now on, celebrate it in the seventh month.

God of the oak and the tamarisk,

we praise you.

God of the palm tree and the olive,

we praise you.

God of the fig tree and the vine,

we praise you.

God of the cedar and the myrtle,

we praise you.

For the wonder and beauty of trees,

we praise you.

For leaves and shade, for seeds and fruit,

we praise you.

For rootedness and stability,

we praise you.

For maturity and heritage,

we praise you.

For carbon absorbed and oxygen released,

we praise you.

For community and interconnectedness,

we praise you.

God of wisdom,

teach us to understand and value

the world you have created.

Teach us to recognise that what you create is one family,

that all its people, its plants and creatures,

are our brothers and sisters.

Teach us to love them as our neighbours,

and give us the grace

to receive the love they bestow on us.

Amen.

The Lord’s Prayer

Counting on … day 155

23rd August 2024

Ecosystem engineers have an ability to modify resources they have to hand to alter their environment. This alteration maybe to change or to destroy or to maintain (ie prevent change) a habitat. Coral species that form coral reefs, and trees that form forests, both have the impact of radically changing the environment into which they move. Beavers are well known for creating new habitats by felling trees and damming water ways. Prairie dogs by tunnelling and turning over the soil, provide accessible habitats for other burrowing mammals, birds, snakes and toads. They also keep the grass nibbled short, providing a favoured habitat for various birds, as well as enabling the prairie dogs to spot would-be predators – and their whistled alarm alerts other creatures in the vicinity too.

Many living beings, on land and in water, are important because they can engineer environments that support a greater diversity of life forms than might otherwise be the case. Humans fall into this category of ecosystem engineers but the outcome is not always one that promotes greater biodiversity.

Counting on day … 154

22nd August 2024

Tool makers

Both humans and creatures have developed and do use tools to help them make better use of their environment. Bottlenose dolphins carry marine sponges in their beaks to stir ocean-bottom sand and so uncover prey; sea otters and chimpanzees uses stones as hammers to break open shells etc; octopuses use coconut shells – carrying them from place to place -to wear as armour; crows use sticks to winkle insects out of logs.

That humans also use tools, does not per se mark them out as different to other beings in the natural environment – it is just the scale with which humans do this.

https://www.livescience.com/9761-10-animals-tools.html